key point: estrogen causes GROWTH.

• estrogen comes from: ovaries, adrenal cortex, and placenta.
• estrogen causes closure of the growth plates, which is the reason why women are shorter than men. so if a young girl presents with signs of early puberty, you must treat that to prevent her from being too short.
• a really high FSH means that estrogen is low and the FSH is trying to stimulate the ovaries to produce more estrogen. a high FSH is an indicator of menopause or ovarian failure.
• estrogen stimulates the growth of breasts, so too much of it is associated with breast cancer. in men diagnosed with cirrhosis, the liver cannot metabolize estrogen so this leads to gynecomastia and spiderangiomatas.
• estrogen also induces the growth of the endometrium. again, too much of it can lead to endometrial carcinoma.
• it increases albumin production in liver, so in a pregnant woman, the increased albumin binds more thyroid hormone, increasing the total T4. free thyroid hormone however remains the same.
• it also increase coagulation factors production in the liver, leading to increased clotting.